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Antiquarian science books are original historical works (e.g., books or technical papers) concerning science, mathematics and sometimes engineering. These books are important primary references for the study of the history of science and technology, they can provide valuable insights into the historical development of the various fields of scientific inquiry (History of science, History of mathematics, etc.) The landmark are significant first (or early) editions typically worth hundreds or thousands of dollars (prices may vary widely based on condition, etc.).〔prices quoted were apparently collected using sources such as http://www.ilab.org/services/searchform.php http://www.abebooks.com/servlet/SearchEntry http://search.abaa.org/dbp2/searchform.php http://www.sothebys.com http://www.christies.com〕 Reprints of these books are often available, for example from Great Books of the Western World, Dover Publications or Google Books. Incunabula are extremely rare and valuable, but as the "scientific revolution" is only taken to have started around the 1540s, such works of Renaissance literature (including alchemy, Renaissance magic, etc. are not usually included under the notion of "scientific" literature. Printed originals of the beginning scientific revolution thus date to the 1540s or later, notably beginning with the original publication of Copernican heliocentrism. Nicolaus Copernicus' ''De revolutionibus orbium coelestium'' of 1543 sold for more than US$2 million at auctions.〔US$2,210,500 at a (Christies ) auction in 2008.〕 ==List of notable books== ; 16th century *Fuchs, Leonhart. ''De Historia Stirpium Commentarii Insignes.'' Basel, 1542. Botany. *Copernicus, Nicolaus. ''De revolutionibus orbium coelestium.'' Wittenberg, 1543. Copernican heliocentrism. *Vesalius, Andreas. ''De humani corporis fabrica (On the Structure of the Human Body).'' Basel, 1543. Anatomy. *Cardano, Gerolamo. ''Artis magnae sive de regulis algebraicis (The Art of Solving Algebraic Equations).'' Nuremberg, 1545. Algebra. *Brunfels, Otto. ''Kreuterbüch'', 1546''. Botany. *Bock, Hieronymus. ''Kreutterbuch.'' Strasbourg, 1552. Botany. *Paracelsus. ''Theil der grossen Wundartzney.'' Frankfurt, 1556. Medicine. *Agricola, Georgius. ''De re metallica.'' Basel, 1561. Mineralogy. *Regiomontanus. ''De triangulis planis et sphaericis libri quinque.'' Basel, 1561. Trigonometry. *Bombelli, Rafael. ''Algebra.'' 1569/1572. Imaginary numbers. *Viète, François. ''In artem analyticam isagoge (Introduction to the Analytical Art).'' Tours, 1591. Algebra. ; 17th century *Gilbert, William. ''De Magnete'' London, 1600 Magnetism *Galilei, Galileo. ''Sidereus Nuncius (The Starry Messenger)'' Frankfurt, 1610. Astronomy *Napier, John. ''Mirifici logarithmorum canonis descriptio'', 1614. Logarithms *Kepler, Johannes. ''Harmonices Mundi'' Linz, 1619. Celestial mechanics *Bacon, Francis. ''Novum Organum'' London, 1620. Experimentation *Descartes, René. ''Discours de la Methode / La Geometrie'' Leiden, 1637 Analytical geometry *Fermat, Pierre de. ''Methodus ad disquirendam maximam et minimam'', 1637. Calculus *Galilei, Galileo. ''Discorsi e dimostrazioni matematiche, intorno a due nuove scienze'' Leiden, 1638. Classical dynamics *Desargues, Gérard, 1639. Projective geometry. *Harvey, William. ''Anatomical Exercises, Concerning the Heart and Blood'' London, 1653. Circulatory system *Wallis, John. ''Arithmetica infinitorum'', 1655. Calculus *Boyle, Robert. ''The Sceptical Chymist'' London, 1661. Chemistry *Pascal, Blaise. ''Traitez de l'Equilibre des Liqueurs, et de la Pesanteur de la Masse de l'Air'' Paris, 1663. Fluid statics *Gregory, James. ''Optica Promota'', 1663. Optics *Hooke, Robert. ''Micrographia'' London, 1665. Microscopy *Steno, Nicolas. ''De Solido intra Solidum Naturaliter Contento Dissertationis Prodromus'' Florence, 1669. Stratigraphy *Barrow, Isaac. ''Lectiones geometricae'', 1670. Calculus *Fermat, Pierre de. ''Ad locus planos et solidos isagoge'', 1679. Analytic geometry *Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm. ''Nova Methodus pro Maxima et Minimus'', 1684. Calculus *Newton, Isaac. ''Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica'' London, 3 Vol, 1687. Classical mechanics *Huygens, Christiaan. ''Traité de la Lumière'' Leiden, 1690. Optics *Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm. ''Specimen Dynamicum'' Vienna, 1695. Classical mechanics *van Leeuwenhoek, Antonie. ''Arcana Naturae, Ope & Beneficio Exquisitissimorum Microscopiorum'' Leiden, 1696. Microbiology *l'Hôpital, Guillaume de. ''Analyse des infiniment petits'' Paris, 1696. Calculus ; 18th century *Newton, Isaac (England). ''Opticks'' London, 1704. Optics *Taylor, Brook (England). ''Methodus Incrementorum Directa et Inversa'', 1715. Taylor series *Linnaeus, Carl (Sweden). ''Systema Naturae'' Netherlands, 1735. Linnaean taxonomy *Bernoulli, Daniel (Netherlands). ''Hydrodynamica'' Strasbourg, 1738, Fluid dynamics *d'Alembert, Jean le Rond (France). ''Reflexions sur la cause general des vents'', 1747. Complex numbers *Euler, Leonhard (Switzerland). ''Introductio in analysin infinitorum'' Lausanne, 1748. Mathematical analysis *Franklin, Benjamin (America). ''Experiments and Observations on Electricity'' London/Philadelphia, 1769. Electricity *Smith, Adam (Scotland). ''An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations'' London, 2 Vol, 1776. Capitalism *Monge, Gaspard (France). ''Sur la théorie des déblais et des remblais'', 1781. Descriptive geometry. *Lagrange, Joseph (Italy). ''Analytical Mechanics'' Paris, 1788. Dynamics *Hutton, James (Scotland). ''The Theory of the Earth'' Edinburgh, 1788. Geology *Lavoisier, Antoine (France). ''Traité Élémentaire de Chimie (Elements of Chemistry)'' Paris, 2 Vol, 1789. Chemistry *Galvani, Luigi (Italy). ''Dell' Uso e dell' Attiva dell' Arco Conduttore nelle Contrazioni dei Muscoli'' Bologna, 1794. Electricity *Legendre, Adrien-Marie (France). ''Essai sur la théorie des nombres''. Paris, 1798. Number theory *Wessel, Caspar (Norway). ''Om directionens analytiske betegning'' Copenhagen, 1799. Imaginary numbers *Volta, Alessandro (Italy). ''Observations on Animal Electricity'' London, 1799. Electricity *Ruffini, Paolo (Italy). ''Teoria generale dele equazioni, in cui si dimostra impossibile. La soluzione algebraica delle equazioni generali di grado superiore al quatro'' Bologna, 1799. Algebra ; 19th century *Gauss, Carl Friedrich (Germany). ''Disquisitiones Arithmeticae'' Leipzig, 1801. Number theory *Young, Thomas (England). ''Experiments and Calculations Relative to Physical Optics'', 1803. Light *Argand, Jean-Robert (Switzerland). ''Essai sur une maniere de representer les quantities imaginaries dans les constructions geometriques'', 1806. Imaginary numbers. *Dalton, John (England). ''A New System of Chemical Philosophy'' London, 1808. Atomic theory *Berzelius, Jöns Jacob (Sweden). ''Läroboken i kemien'', 1808. Chemistry *Cayley, George (England). ''On Aerial Navigation.'' Brompton, 3 Vol, 1809. Aeronautics. *Ørsted, Hans Christian (Denmark). ''Experimenta circa effectum conflictus electrici in acum magneticam'' Copenhagen, 1820. Electromagnetism. *Fourier, Joseph (France). ''Théorie Analytique de la Chaleur'' Paris, 1822. Fourier series. *Ampère, André-Marie (France). ''Recueil d'observations electrodynamiques (Collection of Observations on Electrodynamics)'', 1822. Electromagnetism *Fresnel, Augustin-Jean (France). ''Mémoire Sur Un Nouveau Système D’Éclairage Des Phares Lu À L’Académie Des Sciences'' Paris, 1822. Wave optics *Babbage, Charles (England). ''Mr. Babbage's invention: Application of machinery to the purpose of calculating and printing mathematical tables.'' London, 1823. Computing *Lobachevsky, Nikolai (Russia). ''Geometriya.'' 1823. Non-Euclidean geometry *Cauchy, Augustin-Louis (France). ''Le calcul infinitesimal.'' Paris, 1823. Mathematical analysis *Carnot, Sadi (France). ''Reflexions sur la Puissance Motrice du Feu et sur les machines propres a developer cette puissance'' Paris, 1824. Thermodynamics *Laplace, Pierre-Simon (France). ''Traité de Mécanique Céleste'' Paris, 1827. Classical mechanics *Ohm, Georg (Germany). ''Die Galvanische Kette mathematisch bearbeitet'' Berlin, 1827. Electricity *Lyell, Charles (Scotland). ''Principles of Geology'' London, 1830. Geology *Poisson, Siméon Denis (France). ''Theorie Mathematique de la Chaleur'' Paris, 1835. Heat transfer *Hamilton, William Rowan (Ireland). ''On Quaternions'' London/Edinburgh/Dublin, 1844. Quaternions. *Faraday, Michael (England). ''Experimental Researches in Electricity'' London, 1852. Electricity. *Boole, George (England). ''An Investigation of the Laws of Thought'' London, 1854. Boolean algebra *Maury, Matthew Fontaine (America). ''The Physical Geography of the Sea'' New York, 1855. Oceanography *Darwin, Charles (England). ''On the Origin of Species.'' London, 1859. Evolutionary biology *Pasteur, Louis (France). ''Memoire sur les corpuscules organises qui existent dans l'atmosphere'' Paris, 1861. Microbiology. *Lejeune Dirichlet, P. G. (Germany). ''Vorlesungen über Zahlentheorie.'' Braunschweig, 1863, Number theory. *Mendel, Gregor (Czech Republic/Austria). ''Experiments on Plant Hybridization'' Brno, 1866. Genetics *Riemann, Bernhard (Germany). ''Ueber die Hypothesen, welche der Geometrie zu Grunde liegen'' Göttingen, 1868. Riemannian geometry *Beltrami, Eugenio (Italy). ''Essay on an interpretation of non-Euclidean geometry'', 1868. Hyperbolic geometry *Galton, Francis (England). ''Hereditary Genius: An Inquiry into Its Laws and Consequences'' London, 1869, Statistics *Cohn, Ferdinand (Poland). ''Untersuchungen ueber Bacterien'' Breslau, 3 Vol, 1870. Bacteriology. *Darwin, Charles (England). ''The Descent of Man'' London, 1871. Evolutionary biology. *Marx, Karl (Germany). ''Das Kapital'' St. Petersburg, 1872. Economics. *Maxwell, James Clerk (Scotland). ''A Treatise on Electricity and Magnetism'' Oxford, 2 Vol, 1873. Classical electromagnetism. *Koch, Robert (Germany). ''Untersuchungen uber die aetiologie der wundinfectionskrankheiter'' Leipzig, 1878. Bacteriology. *Gibbs, Willard (America). ''On the Equilibrium of Heterogeneous Substances'' New Haven, 1878. Physical chemistry *Michelson, Albert A. (America). ''Experimental Determination of the Velocity of Light'' Annapolis, 1880. Speed of light. *Abel, Niels Henrik (Norway). ''Oeuvres complètes'', 1881. Mathematical analysis. *Zhukovsky, Nikolai (Russia). ''O protchnosti dvizheniya (The Durability of Motion)'' Moscow, 1882. Aeronautics. *Cantor, Georg (Russia/Germany). ''Grundlagen einer allgemeinen Mannichfaltigkeitslehre'' Leipzig, 1883. Set theory. *James, William (America). ''The Principles of Psychology'' New York, 1890. Psychology *Mendeleev, Dmitri (Russia). ''Principles of Chemistry'' London, 1891. Chemistry *Newcomb, Simon (America). ''Astronomical Papers Prepared for the Use of the American Ephemeris and Nautical Almanac'' Washington, D.C., 1891. Astronomy *Poincare, Henri (France). ''Les méthodes nouvelles de la mécanique céleste'' Paris, 1892. Celestial mechanics *Tesla, Nikola (Croatia/America). ''Experiments with Alternate Currents of High Potential and High Frequency'' New York, 1892. Electricity *Galois, Évariste (France). ''Oeuvres Mathematiques d'Évariste Galois'' Paris, 1897. Group theory *Hilbert, David (Germany). ''Grundlagen der Geometrie (The Foundations of Geometry)'' 1899. Mathematics ;20th century (pre-World War II) *Planck, Max (Germany). ''Ueber Die Elementarquanta Der Materie Und Der Elekricitat'' Leipzig, 1901. Quantum mechanics *Bolyai, János (Hungary). ''The Science of Absolute Space'' Budapest, 1902. Non-Euclidean geometry *Tsiolkovsky, Konstantin Eduardovich (Russia). ''The Exploration of Cosmic Space by Means of Reaction Devices'' Kaluga, 1903. Rockets *Rutherford, Ernest (New Zealand). ''Radioactivity'' Cambridge, 1904. Nuclear physics *Lorentz, Hendrik (Netherlands). ''Electromagnetic phenomena in a system moving with any velocity smaller than that of light'' Amsterdam, 1904. Special relativity *Einstein, Albert〔List of scientific publications by Albert Einstein.〕 (Germany). ''On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies'' Leipzig, 1905. Special relativity *Einstein, Albert (Germany). ''Does the Inertia of a Body Depend Upon Its Energy Content?'' Leipzig, 1905. Physics *Richardson, Lewis (England). ''The Approximate Arithmetical Solution by Finite Differences of Physical Problems Involving Differential Equations, with an Application to the Stresses in a Masonry Dam'' London, 1910. Computational mechanics *Bohr, Niels (Denmark). ''On the Constitution of Atoms and Molecules'' London, 1913. Quantum mechanics *Einstein, Albert (Germany). ''Die Grundlage Der Allgemeinen Relativitätstheorie (Foundations of the General Theory of Relativity)'' Leipzig, 1916. Physics. *Goddard, Robert Hutchings (America). ''A Method of Reaching Extreme Altitudes'' Washington, D.C, 1919. Rockets *de Broglie, Louis (France). ''Recherches sur la théorie des quanta (Research on Quantum Theory)'', 1924. Wave-particle duality *Whitehead, Alfred North (England) and Russell, Bertrand (England). ''Principia Mathematica'' Cambridge, 1925. Mathematics *Heisenberg, Werner (Germany). ''Uber quantentheorestische Undeutung kinematischer und mechanischer Beziehungen.'' Berlin, 1925. Quantum mechanics *Schrödinger, Erwin (Austria). ''Quantisierung als Eigenwertproblem'' Leipzig, 1926. Quantum mechanics *Pavlov, Ivan (Russia). ''Conditioned Reflexes'' New York, 1928. Classical conditioning *Oberth, Hermann (Romania). ''Wege zur Raumschiffahrt (Ways to Spaceflight)'' Munich/Berlin, 1929. Rockets *Hubble, Edwin (America). ''A Relation between Distance and Radial Velocity among Extra-Galactic Nebulae'' Washington, D.C., 1929. Astrophysics *Dirac, Paul (England). ''The Principles of Quantum Mechanics'' Oxford, 1930. Quantum mechanics. *Gödel, Kurt (Czech Republic/America). ''On formally undecidable propositions of Principia Mathematica and related systems.'' Leipzig, 1931. Mathematical logic. *Goddard, Robert Hutchings (America). ''Liquid Propellant Rocket Development'' Washington, D.C., 1936. Rockets *Keynes, John Maynard (England). ''The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money'' London, 1936. Economics *Church, Alonzo (America). ''A Note on the Entscheidungsproblem'' Ann Arbor, 1936. Computer science. *Turing, Alan (England). ''On Computable Numbers, with an Application to the Entscheidungsproblem'' Cambridge, 1937. Computing *Pauling, Linus (America). ''The Nature of the Chemical Bond'' Ithaca, 1939. Chemistry. *von Neumann, John (Hungary/America) & Morgenstern, Oskar (Germany/America). ''Theory of Games and Economic Behavior'' Princeton, 1944. Game theory 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Antiquarian science books」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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